.S2 



1137 



y 1 



JOY AND HEALTH 
THROUGH PLAY 




LET THE CHILDREN PLAY 



The New Age-Grade-Height- Weight 
Athletic Standard 



By GEORGE E. SCHLAFER 

Assistant Professor, Indiana Uniz'ersity 



DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

BUREAU OF EDUCATION 

1920 



V 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1920 



Mr. George E. Schlafer, Assistant Professor of .Extension Courses in 
Play and Recreation, Indiana University, Blooinington, Ind., at my 
request, has prepared the material contained in this bulletin. To 
him has been intrusted the task of compiling the data. All corre- 
spondence should be directed to Mr. Schlafer. 

P. P. Claxton, 

Gommissioner. 



Preface. 



Part I of this bulletin contains a brief argumentation in favor of 
play. 

Part II sets forth the pm'pose and value of the new Age-Grade- 
Height-Weight Athletic Standard. It also contains a graded list 
of athletic events arranged according to the weeks of the school year, 
with suggestions for securing the necessary data. 



DEC 3il f^2Q 



Si 



PART I. 

Let the Children Play! 

Play makes for 

Physical Fitness 
Mental Alertness 
Good Conduct 




Would you as an edu- 
cator deliberately blindfold 
the eyes of the pupils under 
your care, 



or seal their ears, 





or would you tie their 
fingers together ? 



"Why of course not," you reply; " to see, hear, and to feel are the 
inherited rights of every child; all instinctive desires should be guided 
and developed." 

3 



In General. 



To play is one of the strongest and most persistent instincts. So 
much do boys and girls want to play that they will risk life or limb 
in order to satisfy this desire. Boys and girls have played through 
all the past ages, and the present generation of youngsters is demand- 
ing the right to play. Surely there must be some reason for this 
desire. But how few educators understand the true purpose of 
this play instinct. The traditional schoolmaster's attitude toward 
play is still common in many schools. The child that desires to 
play is frowned upon and is thought of as lacking the serious mental 
attitude of a good pupil; the school is a place for work and not for 
play; and since play and work are diametrically opposed to each 
other, play must be banished from the school and if possible from 
the child's nature. Such is the belief of many instructors. Edu- 
cators who would shrink from interfering with the development of 
any of the sense organs, deliberately formulate rules and establish 
curricula that directly interfere with Nature's demand for physical 
activity. 

Physical Fitness. 




Nature wants all boys and girls to play, be- 
cause it develops them physically. Boys and 
girls run, jump, climb, throw, and yell, in order 
that the 
muscles may 
develop and 
the vital or- 
gans become 
strong. Tlie 
play activi- 
ties cause the muscles and vital 
organs to exert themselves beyond 
the strength required for the per- 
formance of the regular duties. 
The extra exertion builds up a re- 
serve supply of physical energv 
and this reserve supply of physi- 
cal energy makes for physical fitness. Dr. Gulick says that no pos- 
sible scheme of physical training can do so much for the child as 




his natural pla}", for it is the result of selection working through 
unfathomable ages of evolution. 

Educators are seriously interfering with Nature's method of giving 
strong bodies to the boys and girls, when they lunit the physical 
activities of the children. Most school systems permit but one short 
rest period for the lower grades during three hours of nerve-taxing 
work; the rest periods in many schools for the sixth, seventh, and 
eighth grades have recently been absorbed by other school activities; 
and the high school that has retained its rest periods is considered 
antiquated. 

Nature has given this desire to play in order that the boys and 
girls may grow in strength and stature, in grace and lK>auty.^' 




Mental Alertness. 



Play also makes for men- 
tal alertness. The develop- 
ment of the nerve centers 
is dependent upon physi- 
cal and muscular activity. 
"Mosso and others have 
produced much evidence to 
show this close relationship. 
The more mobile the ex- 
tremities of an animal are, 
the more intelligent it is 

* * *. The mutual rela- 
tion of intelligence to 

movement is strikingly shown in comparison of a low order of 
men with a higher, and of feeble-minded children with intelligent 

* * *. In the human child at birth the muscular system is more 
incomplete than in the case of any other animal. The same is true 




of the cerebral nerve centers. Mosso says that this fact of the un- 
developed state of the bram can be best explained only by the fact 
that at birth the organs which effect movement are incomplete 
* * *. It is claimed that the sheathing of the cerebral fibers with 

m3^elin, upon which 
depend the higher 
processes of thought, 
is best effected by 
muscular move- 
ment." ^ The an- 
cient Greeks devel- 
oped a wonderful 
civilization, and in 
their system of edu- 
cation, physical ac- 
tivity was consid- 
ered as essential as 
mental activity. To 
throw, to jump, and to run were as important as to listen to the 
lectures of Socrates or Aristotle. 

Wlien the child reaches the age of team loyalty and cooperation, 
he will put forth every possible intellectuab effort to fulfill the scho- 
lastic requirements necessary for interteam or interschool competi- 
tion. Many a boy has been made tolerable as a student and has 
been saved for. an education because he had the ability to hit the ball 
hard, to "shoot the basket," or to wriggle and squirm his way toward 
the opponents' goal line. 

Nature demands that the child play in order that he may develop 
intellectually. 




Good Conduct. 



Play develops habits of good conduct. All games must be played 
according to rules. To obey 
the rules, especially under 
stress of conflict and ex- 
citement, develops self- 
control, courage, honesty, 
quick judgment, coopera- 
tion and will power. The 
nervous system has de- 
veloped many centers of 
reflex action; without 
thinking we respond to certain stimuli or assume a defensive attitude 

1 "Education by Plays and Games," Johnson. 




toward threatenino; danger. Boys and girls, in playing competitive 
games, are continually called upon to render decisions involving 
honesty, fairness, cooperation, and will powdl". These decisions 
must be rendered quickly and accurately. Character reflex actions 
are developed through the instinctive desire to play. 

RESUME. 

The play desire can not be destroyed; the past ages have thoroughly 
ingrained it in the nervous system of all races. Since play can con- 
tribute so vitally to the welfare of the boys and girls, it should receive 
the same sympathetic recognition accorded the other wholesome 
desires. Educators should "capitalize" the play spirit, because 
through it wonderful results may be secured for pupil, school, and 
community. 

Play will assist in making the boys and girls physically fit, mentally 
alert, and in preparing them for a better citizenship. 



PART II. 

The New Age-Grade-Height- Weight Athletic 

Standard. 

Boys and girls have more interest in play and exercise if some 
real and definite object is in view. To play or exercise, when the 
object is to win, is far more interesting than to exercise simply for 
the sake of exercise. Play and athletic activities carry with them 
great interest when some record is to be attained; especially is this 
true if the record stands for all-round physical ability and fitness. 
The desu-e to equal the record, or to win over the record, is a control- 
ling factor in such activities. These activities take on added interest 
when the records have been standardized for the whole city, county, 
State, or Nation, 

We do not have any nation-wide, concise, graded records of atliletic 
events suitable for boys and girls in the various grades and high school. 
A number of directors in the larger cities have their city standards; 
the work accomplished in many instances has been very commendable. 
We need to have a national standard, records that will be of interest 
to the boys and girls in the country as well as in the city, 

Atliletic records are usually based either on age or weight. Neither 
of these classifications alone is satisfactory. Two boys or girls may 
be of the same age, yet differ in weight, grade, and height. Differ- 
ences will also exist when weight is made the basis of classification. 
Athletic records, to be just to all pupils, should be based on these 
four determining factors; namely, age, grade or mentality, height, 
and weight. Records, covering a large range of activities and based 
on these factors, do not exist. Such records would be highly prized 
and would add a new impetus to athletic activities because of their 
fairness to all pupils. To secure data for this new athletic standard 
based on age, grade, height, and weight, is the purpose of the material 
in hand. No doubt the outline of events, according to grade and 
week, will also offer a valuable constructive program of athletic 
activities. 

The program of events as given should not be considered complete 
or ideal; a great variety of games, rhytlmaic plays, and competitive 
sports should be included. Such a complete program will follow 
later; the purpose of this bulletin is to collect data that will make 
possible the larger and more comprehensive publication. 



Ill general, all pupils who are physically able should be requested 
to participate in the different events. Some of the events for the 
boys enrolled in the high school no doubt require speciaji ability. 
The pole vault, the. hurdles, the. discus throw,, all require previous 
training. Such events should not- be attempted by all the boys. 
The best records made at any time by boys trained in these events 
should be recorded, irrespective of the date noted in the schedule of 
events. However, most of the events may be attempted by all 
pupils. We do not desire the records of only the most atliletically 
able, but the records of all, in order that we may determine upon a 
standard that will be just to the rank and file of pupils. 

Tlie Bureau of Education most earnestly solicits your assistance in 
securing the necessary data. The regular instructor, with some 
preliminary direction and with the aid of some of the older pupils, 
will be able to secure many records. If all events can not be 
attempted, secure records in those events deemed most advisable. 

Reports and blanks. — The Bureau of Education hopes to secure 
thousands of records; the greater the number the more accurate 
wUl be the records for the new Age-Height-Grade- Weight Athletic 
Standard. Since the task is great and since it is desirable to begin 
tabulation of records as soon as possible, you are kindly requested 
to return the blanks, with records, after the events for each two 
weeks have been completed. Extra space is given on the blanks, 
should it be possible to complete several events each week. A space 
is also given for the names of the pupils ; however, the names are not 
absolutely necessary. Mention is made of this fact because it may in- 
volve considerable time to rewrite the names on the successive blanks. 
It is suggested that a record of names be made and numbered accord- 
ing to the numbers on the blanks; this record to remain with the one 
conducting the tests. Should correspondence be necessary concerning 
any record, the pupil concerned may be readily located. 

[Because of an unavoidable delay, it was impossbile to make the distribution of this bulletin in time to 
begin the events as scheduled. If possible, report the record of events in order of their position, with 
the purpose of approaching the time schedule. Time may be gained by talcing the records of the fol- 
lowing events during the same week: Push up. Pull up. Sit up, Chest expansion.] 

BOYS. 

TIME SCHEDULE FOR ATHLETIC EVENTS. 

Grade IV. 

50-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

League or playground baseball distance throw Oct. 4-8. 

Running broad jump Oct. 11-15. 

Running high jump .Oct. 18-22. 

Standing broad jump Oct. 25-29. 

Sit up Nov. 1-5. 

Push up Nov. 8t12. 

Chest expansion Nov. 15-19. 

9557°— 20 2 a. 



Grade V. 

60-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

League or playground baseball distance throw Oct. 4-8. 

Running broad jump Oct. 11-15. 

Running high jump Oct. 18-22. 

Standing broad jump Oct. 25-29. 

Sit up Nov. 1-5. 

Push up Nov. 8-12. 

Pull up Nov. 15-19. 

Chest expansion Nov. 22-26. 

Gradk VI. 

75-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1.. 

One-fourth mile run Oct. 4-8. 

League or playground baseball distance throw Oct. 11-15. 

Running broad jump Oct. 18-22. 

Running high jump Oct. 25-29. 

Basket-ball overhead distance throw (forward and backward). . . .Nov. 1-5. 

Basket-ball round arm throw Nov. 8-12. 

Potato race or flag race Nov. 15-19. 

Standing broad jump Nov. 22-26. 

Sit up Nov. 29-Dec. 3, 

Push up Dec. 6-10. 

Pull up Dec. 1 3-17. 

Chest expansion Dec. 20-24. 

Grade VII. 

60-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

75-yard dash Oct. 4-8. 

One-fourth mile run Oct. 11-15. 

League or playground baseball distance throw Oct. 18-22. 

Running broad jump Oct. 25-29. 

Basket-ball overhead distance throw (forward and backward). . . .Nov. 1-5. 

Basket-ball round arm throw Nov. 8-12. 

Potato race or flag race Nov. 15-19. 

Running high jump Nov. 22-26. 

Standing broad jump Nov. 29-Dec. 3. 

Sit up Dec . 6-10. 

Push up Dec. 1.3-17. 

Pull up Dec. 20-24. 

Chest expansion Jan. 3-7. 

Grade VIII. 

60-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

100-yard dash Oct. 4-8. 

One-half-mile run Oct. 11-15. 

Pole vault Oct. 18-22. 

League or playground baseball distance throw Oct. 25-29. 

Running broad jump Nov. 1-5. 

Basket-ball overhead distance throw (forward and backward). . . .Nov. 8-12. 

Basket-ball round arm throw Nov. 15-19. 

Potato race or flag race Nov. 22-26. 

Running high jump Nov. 29-Dec. 3. 

10 



Standing broad jump Dec. 6-10. 

Sit Tip Dec. 13-17. 

Pneh up Dec. 20-24. 

Pull up Jan. 3-7. 

Chest expansion Jan. 10-14. 

High School. 

60-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

100-yard dash Oct. 4-8. 

One-fourth-mile dash Oct. 11-15. 

Running broad jump Oct. 18-22. 

I^eague or playground baseball distance throw Oct. 25-29. 

Punting football Nov. 1-5. 

Basket-ball overhead distance throw (forward and backward). . . .Nov. 8-12. 

Basket-ball round arm throw Nov. 15-19. 

One-half-mile run Nov. 22-26. 

Running high jump Nov. 29-Dec. 3. 

Running hop, step, and jump Dec. 6-10. 

Standing broad jump Dec. 13-17. 

Potato race Dec. 20-24. 

Pull up Jan. 3-7. 

Push up Jan. 10-14. 

Chest expansion Jan . 17-21. 

Putting shot, 8-pound Jan. 24-28. 

Putriag shot, 12-pound Jan. 31-Feb. 4. 

1 mile run '. Apr. 4-8. 

220-yard dash Apr. 11-15. 

220-yard low hurdles Apr. 18-22. 

120-yard high hurdles Apr. 25-29. 

Pole vault May 2-6. 

Discus May 9-13. 

Javelin - May 16-20. 



GIRLS. 

TIME SCHEDULE FOR ATHLETIC EVENTS. 

Grade IV. 

40-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

Playground baseball distance throw Oct. 4-8. 

Running high jump Oct. 11-15. 

Standing broad jump Oct. 18-22. 

Chest expansion Oct. 25-29. 

Grade V. 

50-yard dash Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

Playground baseball distance throw Oct. 4-8. 

Running high jump Oct. 11-15. 

Standing broad jump Oct. 18-22. 

Sit up Oct. 25-29. * 

Chest expansion Nov. 1-5 



11 



Grade VL ;.;■::•■. ^r.-^ ■. 

60- yard dash. . . ,,..i.^ ."..".'.'. ..... .-,--"-..-- - -.- - - - - - -.- - -.-.-.-.- -.- ■ -.- -Sept. 27-bct. 1.. 

Playground basebg,!! distance throw .Oct. 4-8. 

Flag race ]. - 1,. ---.--.- - - • • ■ 9^^- l^-l^- 

Running high jump Oct. 18-22. 

Standing broad j ump : v ; :■ .■.-..';-.-.' Oct. 25-29. 

Sit up. Nov. 1-5. 

Chest expansion. .J....'..' .....'..'..'.■.'...■...■.....■ JSlov, 8-12. 

Grade VII 

75-yard dash. ,. .. .....,.,....,.. .Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

Playground l;)aseball distance throw Oct. 4-8. 

Flag race or potato race....... .-■--■-, - : -Oct. 11-15. 

Basket-ball round-arm throw , Oct. 18-22 

Basket-ball overhead throw (forward and backward) Oct. 25-29. 

Running high jump Nov. 1-5. 

Standing In-oacJ jump ,. . .Nov. 8-12. 

Sit up - - Nov. 15-19. 

Pushup Nov. 22-26. 

Chest expansion Nov. 29-Dec. 3. 

Grade VIII and High School. 

75-yard dash -,- - Sept. 27-Oct. 1. 

Playground baseball distance throw Oct. 4-8.. 

All-up Indian club race Oct. 11-15. 

Flag race or potato race Oct. 18-22. 

Basket-l^all round-arm throw Oct. 25-29. 

Basket-ball overhead throw ( forward and backward) Nov. 1-5. 

Running and catching , .Nov. 8-12. 

Running high jump Nov. 15-19. 

Standing broad jump. , Nov. 22-26. 

Sit up - Nov. 29-Dec. 3. 

Push up Dec. 6-10. 

Chest expansion Dec. 13-1 7 



12 



DESCRIPTION OF ATHLETIC EVENTS. 

Arranged alphabetically. 

All-up Indian club race. — Draw two tangent circles, 3 feet in 
diameter. Tliirty feet from a line di'awn through the center of the 
circles and parallel to it draw a starting line. Place three 1-pound 
model BvS Indian clubs in a standing position in one circle. 

On the signal the player runs to the circles and transfers the 
three clubs, one after the other, using but one hand, to the other 
circle, and then runs back and touches the starting line. The player 
makes tlii'ee such trips, finishing at the starting line. If a club falls 
over, it must be set up before the run is continued. If this event is 
conducted outdoors, a wide board may be used. See "dashes" for 
start and finish. 

Baseball distance throw. — For the league baseball thi'ow use regular 
league baseball. For the playground baseball throw use regular 
12-inch playground baseball or indoor baseball. The thrower may 
run any distance before maldng the throw. Measure distance from 
the tlirowing line, directly in front of tln-ower, to spot wheio the 
ball fii'st struck the ground. If the player crosses the throwing line 
before the ball strikes the ground, the throw shall not be measured. 

Basket-ball distance throw. — Draw a circle 6 feet in diameter on 
the floor or ground. In throwing, contestant shall not touch out- 
side the circle with any part of the body until the ball has struck 
the ground ; he must leave from the rear half of the circle. Pass the 
tape through the center of the circle, but measure distance from 
edge of circle to spot where the ball first struck the ground. If 
any part of the body touches outside the circle, the distance made 
shall not be recorded. , 

Round arm throw — In making the round arm throw only one 
hand shall be used. The ball may be started from any position 
and thrown in any manner or style. 

Forward overhead distance throw — The ball shall be grasped with 
both hands, placed behind the head, and thrown forward from this 
position. 

Backward overhead distance throw — The ball shall be grasped 
with both hands and thrown backward over the head. 

Ghest expansion. — The tape, in measuring chest expansion, shall 
pass around the chest just below the shoulder blades and at right 
angles to the spine. As much air as possible should be expelled from 
the lungs, and the measm-ement noted; the lungs should then be filled, 

13 



and the measurement noted again. The difference between the two 
measurements indicates the chest expansion. 

The pupil shoukl be urged to inhale deeply and to expel the air 
from the lungs several times before the measurement is made. 

Dashes. — Runners may start from the standing or crouching posi- 
tion. If from the standing position, no part of the body may be 
ahead of the starting line; if from the croucliing position, the fingers 
must be back of the starting line. 

The starter gives the signal by saying: "On your marks," "Get 
set," "Go!" If the runner prefers the crouching start, he should 
take the following positions with respect to the commands: "On 
your marks"; place hngers on starting line; one knee on the ground, 
about 8 or 10 inches from the starting line; other foot beside knee. 
"Get set"; raises body off knee, pitching slightly forward and rest 
on hands and toes. Instead of "Go," if possible, use a starter's 
gun or strike together two boards. The runner may dig small holes 
for "toe grips." 

The timer shall be stationed at the finishing line and shall start 
his watch, when he hears the word "Go," or the instant he sees the 
smoke of the gun. A white cord, held chest high, at the finishing 
line, must be "breasted" by the runner and not touched with the 
hands. The instant the runner breasts the cord the timer shall stop 
his watch. The time is the number of seconds elapsed from the 
beginning to the end of the run. 

If the runner leaves the "mark" before the signal "Go" is given, 
he shall be called back and start again. 

Discus throw. — The discus shall be thi-own from a circle 7 feet in 
diameter. The contestant shall not touch the outside of the circle 
with any part of the body; he must leave from the I'ear of the circle 
and not until the discus strikes the ground. Pass the tape through 
the center of the circle, but measure the distance from the edge of 
the chcle to spot where the discus fu-st struck the ground. 

Flag race. — Six 1-pint bottles (grape-juice bottles) and three 10 or 
12 inch flags are necessary. 

Arrangements for boys: The bottles shall be placed in a row. 
There shall be a distance of 5 feet between each of the bottles num- 
bered 1, 2, 3 and 4, 5, 6. The distance between bottles numbered 
3 and 4 shall be 15 feet. The starting line for Grade VI shall be 30 
feet, for Grade VII 40 feet, and for Grade VIII 50 feet from 
bottle No. 1. 

Arrangement for girls: Arrange bottles Nos. 1, 2, and 3 and bottles 
4, 5, and 6 as described above. The distance between bottles Nos. 3 
and 4 shall be 10 feet. The starting line for Grade VI shall be 20 
feet, for Grade VII 25 feet, and for Grade VIII and High School 
35 feet from bottle No. 1. 



14 



The race for boys and. girls is the same. Place one flag in bottles 
Nos. 1, 2, and 3. The contestant runs from the starting line, removes 
the flag from bottle No. 1 and places it in bottle No. 4. He returns 
for flag No. 2, passing between bottles Nos. 1 and 2, and places it in 
bottle No. 5. He returns for flag No. 3, passmg between bottles 
Nos. 2 and 3 and places it in bottle No. 6, and then crosses the starting 
line. See "Dashes" for start and finish. 

Hurdles. — 220 yards low. — Ten hurdles, 2J feet high. A lath 
placed on two uprights driven in the ground will be satisfactory. 
The hurdles shall be placed 20 yards apart. The starting line shall 
be 20 yards from the first hurdle and the finishing Ime 20 yards 
from the last hurdle. The hurdler shall be permitted to knock down 
only two hurdles. See "Dashes" for start and finish. 

120 yards high. — Ten hurdles, 3J feet high. The starting line 
shall be 15 yards from the first hurdle and the finishing line 15 yards 
from the last hurdle. The hurdler shall be permitted to knock down 
only two hurdles. 

Javelin throw. — ^The contestant may run any distance before 
making the throw. Measure the distance from the throwing line 
to spot where the javelm first struck the ground. If the contestant 
crosses the throwing line before the javelin strikes the ground, the 
distance shall not be measured. 

Pole vault. — The jumping standards shall be placed on level ground. 
The ground on one side of the standards shall be spaded, making a 
jumping pit of suitable size. A straight, nonsagging crossbar shall be 
used; the crossbar to rest on top of the standards. A straight cane 
fishpole will serve as a crossbar. If the bar sags, the height should be 
measured from the center of the bar. 

Potato race. — On a direct line draw four chcles, 12 niches in 
diameter and 5 yards from center to center. A starting line, which 
is also the finishing line, shall be drawn at the following distances 
from the center of first circle and at right angles to the direct line: 

For boys: Grade VI, 5 yards; Grade VII, 5 yards; Grade VIII, 10 
yards; and for High School, 10 yards. 

For girls of Grades VII and VIII and High School: Five yards. 

On the first circle place a basket or other receptacle not over 2 feet 
in height and with an opening not exceeding 1 foot in diameter. 
The basket should contain three potatoes or blocks of wood 2 inches 
square. 

On the signal the player runs from the starting line, takes one 
potato from the basket and places it in the first vacant cu'cle (the one 
nearest the basket), runs back to the basket, passes between it and the 
starting line, takes the second potato from the basket, places it in the 
second circle, returns to the basket, passes between it and the starting 
line, takes the third potato from the basket, places it in the third circle 



15 



and runs back to the starting line. From the starting line the player 
runs to the first circle, picks up the potato and replaces it in the basket, 
passes between the basket and the starting line, runs to the second 
circle, picks up the potato, replaces it in the basket, passes between 
the basket and the starting line, runs to the third circle, picks up the 
potato, replaces it in the basket and runs across the finish line. 

If a potato is dropped anywhere but in the circle in which it should 
be placed or in the basket, it must be picked up and properly placed 
before another is touched. See "Dashes" for start and finish. 

Pull up. — A portable chinning bar in a doorway, a horizontal bar 
in the gymnasium or on a playground, or the rungs of a ladder set 
at an angle against a building may serve the purpose. 

Each contestant begins with his hands on the bar; the feet should 
be at least 6 mches from the floor. Then with the arms straightened 
at full length he pulls himself up without a kick, snap, jerk, or swing, 
until his chin is above the bar. Lowering himself again (without 
resting) until his arms are straight, he immediately repeats the ''pull 
up." Each pull up counts one time. 

Punting football. — The regular Eugby football shall be used. The 
punter may run any distance before the punt is made. Measure dis- 
tance from puntmg line directly in front of punter to spot where the 
ball first struck the groimd. If the punter crosses the punting line 
before the ball strikes the ground the punt shall not be measured. 

Push wp.— Pupil lies on the floor, face downward, hands open and 
placed close to the shoulders. Straighten arms, supporting weight on 
hands and toes, keeping back stiff. Lower body, and without resting 
raise l)ody. Each push up counts one time. A large sheet of paper 
placed on the floor will prevent the clothing from becoming soiled. 

Putting 8 and 12 pound shot. — The shot shall be put from a circle 
7 feet in diameter. The contestant shall not touch the outside of the 
circle while making the "put"; he must leave from the rear of the 
circle, and not until the shot strikes the ground. Pass the tape 
through the center of the circle, but measure the distance from the 
edge of the circle to spot where the shot first struck the ground. 

Runs. — See "Dashes" for start and finish. 

Running and catching. — ^At a distance of 30 feet from the starting 
line and parallel to it, stretch a cord 10 feet from the ground. 

On the signal the girl runs from the starting line, tosses a basket 
ball or a volley baU over the cord, catches it, and runs back to the 
starting line. Three such trips are made, finishing at the starting 
line. In case of failure to catch the ball, it must be secured, tossed 
over the cord (either direction), and caught before continuing the run. 

The starting line and the cord should both be well away from any 
wall, backstop, or other object, so that neither the contestant nor the 
ball shall touch any obstruction during the run. 



16 



Running hroaJ jump. — A takc-ofF, 4 inches by 18 inches, should be 
firmly imbedded in the ground; the edge nearest the running path 
shall be flush with the surface. The take-off should ])e painted 
white. If the take-off is nailed to a plank about 3 feet long and 
1 foot wide, and the plank imbedded sufficiently deep, as directed 
above, the take-off will be very firm. The ground shall be spaded 
some distance from the take-off, making a jumping pit of suitable 
size. Measure distance from the edge of the take-off, nearest to the 
jumping pit, to spot where the heel or hand nearest the take-off first 
touched the ground . If the player steps over the take-off, the distance 
shall not be measured. 

Running liiglt, jump. — vSee "Pole vault." 

Running Jrop, step, and jump. — Arrange take-off as described 
under "Running broad jump"; if the event is conducted indoors, 
a chalk mark will answer for the take-off. The player hops off the 
take-off or line, landing on the same foot from which he hopped; 
from this position he takes one step, landing on the opposite foot; 
the jump is taken from this foot, landing on both feet. The greatest 
effort should be put into the jump. Measure distance from edge 
of the take-off or line, to spot where the foot or hand nearest the take- 
off first touched the ground. If the player steps over the take-off 
the distance shall not be measured. 

Sit up. — Pupil lies on his back, head resting on floor, feet together, 
arms extended, hands open and palms placed on top of thighs. Pupil 
raises trunk of body to a sitting position, keeping heels on floor, knees 
and elbows straight, permitting hands to slide over thighs and knees; 
pupil must not grasp clothing with hands. When the sitting position 
is reached the trunk is immediately lowered, and when head touches 
the floor the trunk is immediately raised. Each erect position counts 
one time. 

Standing hroad jump. — Arrange take-off as described under "Run- 
nmg broad jump"; if the event is conducted indoors, a chalkmark 
will answer for the take-off. The player toes the edge of the take-off 
or line. Measure distance from the take-off or line, to spot where heel 
or hand nearest the take-off or line first touched the ground or floor. 

The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall 
leave the ground onoe only in making an attempt to jump. A 
competitor may rock backward and forward, lifting heels and toes 
alternately from the ground, but may not lift either foot clear of the 
ground, nor slide either foot along the ground m any direction. 



17 




FOOTBALL—END RUr^l. 




PUSHBALL , 1,L L.uL ^, 




PubHBALL— i Ht bUKKvi ivlALiE. 

18 



BLANK FOR REPORTING RECORDS. 

A. blank form similar to the following is used to collect the records indicated therein. Copies of the hlank 
may be obtained by application to the Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C, or to the author 
of this monograph. 

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION. 

REPORT OF RECORDS FOR THE AGE-GRADE-HEIGHT-WEIGHT 
ATHLETIC STANDARD. 

Name of person conducting tests Street address 

City State Date of report 

Blank No (If several blanks are necessary for one report, number them in suc- 
cession.) 

Please read paragraph concerning "Reports and blanks," on page 9. 
Return all blanks to George E. Schlafer, instructor, extension courses in play and 
recreation, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 



Name. 


In addition to the nu- 
merical number of 
grade, indicate A or B. 
Give age in years and 
months. 


Check. 


Events and records. 


Remarks. 




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ADDITIONAL COPIES 

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAT BE PROCURED FROM 

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

AT 

5 CENTS PER COPY 

V 



19 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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